KHALED Belhouchet

TAYEBBEY Yasser , CHARIFE Tayeb

Etude d’un isolateur pollué d’une ligne 220 kV en présence d’un anneau de garde en appliquant la méthode ANOVA

HIMER Aymen , HADJAB Mohammed Amin

Etude du comportement d’un isolateur réel pour améliorer ses propriétés diélectrique et thermiques

HAMLAOUI Farouk

Influence des gouttelettes d’eau polluées sur le comportement électrique d’un isolateur composite

DEHIRI, Abderrahim , MEDJDOUB, M'Hamed

Contribution à l'étude d'un isolateur composite et l'amélioration de profil du champ électrique à base des matériaux semi-conducteur(ZnO).

HAMANI Sami , NOUIOUA Assil

Optimisation de Contrôle DTC du Moteur à Induction Double Stator (MSDS) par l'Algorithme de Baleine WOA

BENTORCHA, Issam , TAYABI, Riadh

Contribution à l’étude d’un isolateur réel soumis à différents types de tension (DC/AC).

BOUKHALFA, Naaman Seif Elislam , NAILI, Mostafa

Contribution à l’étude et à l’optimisation d’un isolateur de ligne 400 kV par la présence de deux anneaux de garde

ZERROUAK, Ossama radjeb , BACHIRI, Chaima

Contrôle Direct du Couple du Moteur à Induction Double Stator (MSDS) utilisant la technique d’optimisation Gray Wolf

LAHMAR, Abdessalam , BECHELALEG, Oussama

Contribution à l’étude de l’influence de l’anneau de garde sur les performances d’un isolateur composite en utilisant la méthodologie des surfaces de réponse

La planification des réseaux peut être définie comme l’anticipation des futurs besoins en lignes, câbles et postes d’un système électrique, dans le but d’adapter les réseaux aux évolutions du système, et ce de manière optimale d’un point de vue technico-économique. Elle concerne à la fois le raccordement de nouvelles unités de production ou de consommation, le renforcement des infrastructures existantes et la création de nouveaux ouvrages. Pour être effective, la planification doit également prendre en compte les interactions entre ces futures installations. La planification des réseaux électriques consiste à prévoir les nouvelles centrales de production, les différentes extensions du réseau ainsi que le dimensionnement des ouvrages tels que les lignes, les transformateurs et les postes. Les centrales de production sont réalisés en considérant les ressources énergétiques qui sont riches et variées vue l’étendue géographique et climatique de notre pays. La planification du réseau électrique prend en compte un certain nombre d'objectifs qui doivent être optimisés simultanément et qui sont souvent contradictoires. Ces objectifs comprennent d'une part la minimisation des coûts d’exploitation (les pertes dans les lignes) et des coûts d’investissement (réalisation d’ouvrages), d'autre part l'amélioration de la fiabilité, la sécurité des personnes et des biens, la qualité et la continuité de fourniture et la considération de multiples facteurs environnementaux. Ce polycopié est un support pédagogique de cours de planification des réseaux électriques destiné aux étudiants de première année master spécialité : électrotechnique, option : Réseaux électriques. Ce manuel constitue un recueil enrichi et détailler de l’ensemble des parties importantes caractérisant un réseau électrique ainsi que les principes et les règles de la planification des réseaux électriques. L’objectif de ce module est de former l’étudiant dans la description de la planification des réseaux électriques pour lui permettre de maitriser les questions de planification des réseaux électriques à court, à moyen et à long terme, principalement l’extension de la production, du transport et de la distribution ainsi que la planification de l’énergie réactive.

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KhaledBELHOUCHET , ,(2023-05-08); Planification des réseaux Electriques,University of M'sila,

Enhancing of Electric field and voltage distribution along a 400 kV transmission line composite insulator using double corona ring and response surface methodology

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Abderrahim ZEMMIT , Khaled BELHOUCHET , ,(2021-04-21), Enhancing of Electric field and voltage distribution along a 400 kV transmission line composite insulator using double corona ring and response surface methodology,the first International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials IC-SEAM’21,Ouargla, ALGERIA

Ce polycopié est un support pédagogique de travaux pratiques de la matière de méthodes numériques destiné aux étudiants de deuxième année de socle Sciences et Techniques (ST) ; toutes spécialités confondues. Ce manuel offre la possibilité d’implémenter en « MATLAB » quelques méthodes étudiées dans les cours de méthodes numériques. Ce support, a pour objectif d’approfondir les connaissances en programmation sous MATLAB des méthodes numériques et utiliser ce logiciel pour implémenter, analyser et comparer les résultats.

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KhaledBELHOUCHET , ,(2021-01-31); Méthodes numériques,University of M'sila,

In this paper, a novel application of a Nano‐sized titanium dioxide photocatalyst for enhancing the performance of the photovoltaic panels is presented. The concept of cleaning solar panels using Nano coatings is proposed in this study to avoid the collection of fine particles, dust and water from the air above the solar panel that prevents sunlight from reaching the surface of the solar cell. The chemical and physical and properties of the TiO2 thin film were analyzed and their influences on the self‐cleaning were evaluated. In order to create self-cleaning property, the TiO2 films were deposited on sample surfaces. The samples were exposed then, to the outdoor conditions tests. Simulations studies were carried out for two different cases; with coating and without coating. Test results showed that the as‐prepared TiO2‐coated samples exhibited an improved self‐cleaning ability of the excellent photo‐induced catalytic performance of the TiO2 film. These surface modifications have a significant impact in the reduction of dust accumulation and the loss of the transmission coefficient. This study shows that coating TiO2 films on the surface of photovoltaic panels may have a promise in improving its performance in terms of temperature and efficiency. It can be effectively use the concept of Nano Anti-contamination self-cleaning of photovoltaic panels.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , ,(2021), Study and Application of Nano Anti-contamination for photovoltaic panels,Ansole Days 2021& Baleware 2021: February 2th -5th 2021 Sousse, Tunisia International Conference: Solar Energy Materials / Energy-Water Nexus,Tinisia

The influences of the pollution layer parameters including; conductivity, position and length on the performance of high-voltage cylindrical insulator were investigated. Parameters effects and their interactions have been assessed and determined using the variance statistical technique and the relation between parameters and the flashover voltage, maximum electric field and the breakdown strength is modeled by the response surface methodology (RMS). The 3D model from Comsol Multiphysics was used for modeling and the FEM method was utilized for simulations. The findings demonstrate that the flashover voltage of the non-uniformly contaminated surface is primarily affected by the pollution layer length. Simulation results show that the intensity of the electric field rises with the increasing in length of pollution layer and its position. It was noted that the experimental tests in laboratory for non-uniform contamination are in strong alignment with simulation studies. The results of this analysis should expand our understanding about the performance of outdoor insulators under specific contaminated conditions. The knowledge gathered can be used to enhance the configuration of insulators used in contaminated regions and it is believed that the current study has resulted methodology to estimate reliably and realistically the pollution performance of cylindrical porcelain insulators.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , , (2021), EFFECTS ANALYSIS OF THE POLLUTION LAYER PARAMETERS ON A HIGH-VOLTAGE PORCELAIN CYLINDRICAL INSULATOR USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY, Diagnostyka, Vol:22, Issue:2, pages:8, Diagnostyka

This article is interested in the study of the efficiency of a semiconductor material composed of zinc oxide for the control of the stresses on the external polymer insulations. Numerical modeling and simulation studies have examined stress-induced degradations as a cause of aging and insulation defects, the determination of electric field distributions, considerations for outdoor insulator modeling and field-optimization techniques for achieving stress relief. A short length microvaristor coating has been introduced at both ends of the insulator to control the high field, especially near the high voltage and ground terminals. The introduction of a microvaristor material with an appropriate switching characteristic has led to a marked improvement in the electric field and heat distributions along the insulator profile.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Alti Nadjim, Bayadi Abdelhafid, ,(2021), Improvement of the electric field along Silicne rubber insulator based on the semi coducter ZnO MATERIAL,1st international conference on sustanaible Energy and Advanced Materials,Ouargla, Algeria

Le travail présenté vise à étudier l'effet des doubles anneaux corona autour de l'extrémité sous tension d'un isolant composite 400KV. L'analyse est basée sur la méthode des éléments finis (FEM) et les résultats obtenus grâce aux simulations à l'aide du logiciel COMSOL Multiphysics. L'analyse de variance (AVOVA) permet d'évaluer les principaux effets et les effets d'interaction de trois paramètres étudiés; position de l'anneau à partir de l'extrémité, rayon de l'anneau et épaisseur du tube de l'anneau. La relation entre le champ E et les paramètres géométriques est optimisée et modélisée par la méthodologie de surface de réponse (RSM). Les résultats montrent une optimisation des champs électriques, et une distribution uniforme du potentiel électrique a été montrée. La méthodologie proposée est efficace pour concevoir des anneaux corona sur des isolateurs composites de lignes de transmission et présente un résultat plus précis pour trouver les meilleures solutions aux problèmes de décharges corona.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , ,(2021), Enhancing of Electric field and voltage distribution along a 400 kV transmission line composite insulator using double corona ring and response surface methodology,1st international conference on sustanaible Energy and Advanced Materials,Ouargla, Algeria

This work attempt to elucidate the potentials of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in high voltage applications and especially to estimate the flashover voltage on polluted insulators, The importance of the research on insulator pollution has been increased considerably with the rise of the voltage of transmission lines. In order to determine the flashover behavior of polluted high voltage insulators and to identify to physical mechanisms that govern this phenomenon, the researchers have been brought to establish a modeling. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have been used by various researches for modeling and predictions in the field of energy engineering systems. In this study, model of UC = f (H, D, L,σ, d, n) based on ANN which compute flashover voltage of the insulators were performed. This model consider height (H), diameter (D), total leakage length (L), surface conductivity (σ ) and number of shed (d) of an insulator and number of chain (n) on the insulator.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Alti Nadjim, Bayadi Abdelhafid, ,(2021), Study of flashover voltage on insulators using ANN,Séminaire international sur l’Industrie et la Technologie Février 2021,Oran, ALGERIA

Ce travail présente la conception et l'optimisation de l'anneau corona pour un isolateur composite 400KV afin de minimiser les décharges corona. Ce travail a traité l'effet des dimensions de l'anneau corona en utilisant l'approche d'optimisation de l'algorithme Bat. Cette technique est établie pour dériver la fonction objective entre les paramètres de champ E maximum et d'anneau corona. La méthode des éléments finis (FEM) est appliquée pour calculer le champ électrique et la distribution de potentiel ainsi que pour optimiser la conception de l'anneau corona. Les résultats de la simulation montrent que l'utilisation de l'anneau corona optimisé conduit à une réduction significative de l'intensité du champ électrique côté HT et à des distributions de potentiel plus uniformes. L'application de l'algorithme de chauve-souris pour ce problème donne les dimensions optimales de Dr et R ainsi que la position H qui améliorera le plus efficacement la valeur du champ électrique.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , ,(2020), Application and imlementation of artificial bat algorithm for a 400 kV composite insulator,1st international conference on Didigitization and its applications,M'sila, Algeria

Aging of metal oxide surge arresters is mainly affected by the high electric stress near the high voltage electrode. It has been observed that the distribution of voltage and electric field along an arrester is non-uniform. In this paper, the effect of grading ring geometrical parameters is investigated in order to achieve a more uniform electric field and voltage distribution. A 3D finite element method was employed based on COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software to calculate these latter. The optimal design of grading ring is achieved by minimizing the electric field along the active column of varistors using a reduced number of simulations based on the Taguchi design and a bat algorithm. Initially, simulation results for a single grading ring were analysed. By using an optimal design of the single ring, the electric field is reduced by 42% in the top of the 220 kV metal oxide surge arrester and the voltage distribution can be improved. It was proposed to install an additional ring at the top of the metal oxide surge arrester. Simulation results shows that using of an optimal design of grading rings, the distribution of voltage and electric field along the surge arrester can be made as uniform as possible

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Alti Nadjim, Bayadi Abdelhafid, , (2020), Grading ring parameters optimization for 220 kV metal-oxide arrester using 3D-FEM method and bat algorithm, IET Science, Measurement & Technology, Vol:15, Issue:1, pages:11, IET Science

tThe present study is aimed to develop porcelain from locally available raw materials. Thisporcelain was prepared from the mixture of kaolin, quartz, feldspar, and recycled wasteglass. In this work, the expensive K-feldspar was substituted by recycled waste glass derivedfrom broken car glass. The effects of recycled waste glass in partial replacement of K-feldsparfor porcelain are discussed. Experimental results showed significant effects of recycledwaste glass substitution and sintering temperature on physical properties. Furthermore,the microstructure observation indicated that the replacement of K-feldspar by the recy-cled waste glass indicates the reducing firing temperature 200◦C was achieved by 30 wt%glass addition. Moreover, experimental investigations showed excellent mechanical (micro-hardness) and insulating properties (dielectric strength) of the prepared porcelain whencompared to that of traditional porcelain insulators. The Vickers micro-hardness found anincrease with both glass addition and sintering temperature. Dielectric constant (ε), dielec-tric loss tangent (tan ı) and loss factor (ε) were measured at different frequencies. Theresults reveal that glass addition enhances the dielectric properties of the samples fired at1100◦C. Finally, the best results of phase angle were obtained ∼(−89.2◦) for this porcelain.These results prove that our prepared insulator is a dielectric capacitor.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Hocine BELHOUCHET , A bayadi, Maximina Romero, , (2019), Improvement of mechanical and dielectric properties of porcelain insulators using economic raw materials, Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y Vidrio, Vol:57, Issue:, pages:28-37, Elsevier

In this work, the effect of heating rate and mechanical activation on the reaction of kaolin and aluminium powder was investigated. A batch comprised of 89.5 wt%kaolin and 10.5 wt%aluminiumpowders was mixed and milled in a planetary ball-mill for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 h. The mixture powders were heat treated with a heating rate of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 °C/min, respectively. After milling for 20 and 40 h, the results showed the formation of free silicon, quartz and nacrite (Al2Si2(OH)4) at room temperature. The kaolinite dehydroxylation, aluminium oxidation and the θ- to α-Al2O3 transformations are highly affected by heating rate and mechanical activation. As comparedwith the smallest heating rate, the mixtures heated with faster heating rate show the disappearance of the peak corresponding to the oxidation of aluminium and the appearance of a second peak corresponding to the formation of α-Al2O3. The intensity of the last peak increases with increasing of the heating rate and milled at lower milling time. The effects of heating rate in the reaction of kaolin and aluminium powder are attributed to the amorphization of kaolinite, the diffusion of Al3+ to form an amorphous alumina layer on the particle surface and the generation of microcracks at the particle surface of aluminium powder.

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Hocine BELHOUCHET , Khaled BELHOUCHET , Toufik Sahraoui, Maximina Romero, , (2019), Influence of heating rate and mechanical activation on the reaction between kaolin and aluminium powder, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, Vol:55, Issue:, pages:135–144, SpringerLink

In this paper, we present an optimisation method based on genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN) experimental data from artificially polluted insulators for the determination of the arc constants and dielectric properties in the surface. The study of flashover phenomenon in polluted insulators has not yet been described accurately through a mathematical model. The definitions of arc constants are very difficult, which is created in the dry bands when the voltage exceeds its critical value. In this work, a pollution flashover generalised model is used. The obtained results show that the mathematical model with optimised arc constants simulates accurately the experimental data and corroborate the inverse relationship between flashover voltage and pre-flashover leakage current. For this purpose, an ANN was constructed in MATLAB and has been trained with several MATLAB training functions, while tests regarding the number of neurons, the number of epochs and the value of learning rate have taken place, in order to find which net architecture and which value of the other parameters give the best result. To validate our method an experimental tests for different insulators show very good agreement with the measured values and the computed ones.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Abdelhafid BAYADI, Mohammed Elhadi BENDIB, , (2019), Artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm modelling and identification of arc parameter in insulators flashover voltage and leakage current, International Journal of Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, Vol:11, Issue:1, pages:1-13, Inderscience publisher

The design process of a double-sided slotted TORUS axial-flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) motor suitable for direct drive of electric vehicle (EV) is presented. It used sizing equation and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). AFPM motor is a high-torque-density motor easily mounted compactly onto a vehicle wheel, fitting the wheel rim perfectly. A preliminary design is a double-sided slotted AFPM motor with 6 rotor poles for high torque-density and stable rotation. To obtain, with the highest possible torque, the initial design parameters of the motor, AFPM's fundamental theory and sizing equation were applied. Ansoft Maxwell-3D 12.0 commercial software ran the FEA of the motor design, evaluating and enhancing accuracy of the design parameters. Results of the FEA simulation were compared with those obtained from the sizing equation; at no-load condition, the flux density at every part of the motor agreed. The design process is comprehensive and can be used for an arbitrary EV with an arbitrary cruising scenario.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Mohammed BENDIB, Mabrouk HACHEMI, ,(2016), Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Torus Motor Design Using Sizing Equation and FEA,THE 9th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,Batna, Algeria

In this paper, a characterized transient finite element analyses for permanent magnet (PM) dimension and performance simulation of a V-permanent magnet shape interior synchronous motor (V-IPMSM) with 8 poles is developed. The relationship between induced electromotive force (EMF) and PM dimension is analyzed; the dimensions of permanent magnet are optimized by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, and the performances of the sample IPMSM are simulated by using MAXWELL-3D software. This proposed stochastic algorithm finds the optimized solution with fast computation and high convergence.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Mohammed BENDIB, Mabrouk Hachemi, ,(2016), V-Interior Permanent Magnet Machine Optimization and Transient 3D Finite Element Analyses,THE 9th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING And FIRST WORKSHOP ON ROBOTICS AND CONTROLS,Batna, Algeria

Flashover phenomenon in polluted insulators has not yet been described accurately through a mathematical model. The main difficulty lies in the definition of arc constants, which is formed in the dry bands when the voltage exceeds its critical value. We have present an optimization method based on genetic algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) experimental data from artificially polluted insulators for the determination of the arc constants and Dielectric properties in the surface. In this work a pollution flashover generalized model is used. The obtained results show that the mathematical model with optimized arc constants simulates accurately the experimental data and Corroborate the inverse Relationship between flashover voltage and pre-flashover leakage current. For this purpose, an ANN was constructed in MATLAB and has been trained with several MATLAB training functions, while tests regarding the number of neurons, the number of epochs and the value of learning rate have taken place, in order to find which net architecture and which value of the other parameters give the best result.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , BYADI Abdelhafid, BENDIB Mohammed Elhadi, ,(2015), Artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithm modeling and identification of arc parameter in insulators flashover voltage and leakage current,4th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE),Boumerdes, Algeria

This paper presents the optimization design and analysis of axial flux permanent-magnet (AFPM) machine (internal stator external rotor) used in flywheel energy storage system (FESS). The main idea of design is reduce the pressure and friction acting on the lower bearing system, thus reducing the bearing losses and, therefore, the self-discharge of the stored energy during the standby mode. Due to the unconventional flux path distribution of this machine, a 3-D finite element (Maxwell 12) method was used to analyses the design, of course including its electromagnetic torque and axial force performances. The effects of the rotor permanent magnet (PM) and slots skew angles on the cogging torque and the axial force have been studied. It is found that an optimum skew angle is effective in reducing the overall cogging torque with negligible effect on the static axial force. The latter is essential as it can be utilized to minimize the axial bearing pressure in FESS application.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Mohammed Elhadi BENDIB, Mabrouk Hachemi, ,(2015), 3D finite element analyses and design optimization of AFPM for flywheel energy storage system,3rd International Conference on Control, Engineering & Information Technology (CEIT),Tlemcen, Algeria

the effect of soda lime silica waste glass, from the glass ca broken in partial replacement of k-feldespar for porcelain insulators are disscussed. in this study, different mixes of four different materials namely; Kaolin from Tamazert, quartz from Tamerasset feldespar from Spain and recycle soda-lime-silica were prepared by sintering the samples between 1000 and 1300°C for 2 h. Mesearments have been performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, DTA/TG, water absorption, and mechanical tests. Experimental results showed a significant improvement in physical and michanical properties. the microstructure observasion indicated that replacement of K- feldespar by the soda-lime-silica waste can facilate the sintering of the porcelain insulators. Finally, the addition of the soda-lime-silica improves the dielectric properties.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Hocine BELHOUCHET , ,(2015), Effect of soda- lime- silica waste glass on the properties and microstructures development in porcelain insulator,Conference materiaux 2015,Mahdia, Tunisia

In this paper, we present an optimisation method based on genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANN) experimental data from artificially polluted insulators for the determination of the arc constants and dielectric properties in the surface. The study of flashover phenomenon in polluted insulators has not yet been described accurately through a mathematical model. The definitions of arc constants are very difficult, which is created in the dry bands when the voltage exceeds its critical value. In this work, a pollution flashover generalised model is used. The obtained results show that the mathematical model with optimised arc constants simulates accurately the experimental data and corroborate the inverse relationship between flashover voltage and pre-flashover leakage current. For this purpose, an ANN was constructed in MATLAB and has been trained with several MATLAB training functions, while tests regarding the number of neurons, the number of epochs and the value of learning rate have taken place, in order to find which net architecture and which value of the other parameters give the best result. To validate our method an experimental tests for different insulators show very good agreement with the measured values and the computed ones.

Citation

Khaled BELHOUCHET , Mohammed Elhadi BENDIB, Lyamine OUCHENE, ,(2015), Artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithm modelling and identification of arc parameter in insulators flashover voltage and leakage current,International Conference on Automatics and mechatronics CIAM'2015,Oran, Algeria

Flashover phenomenon in polluted insulators has not yet been described accurately through a mathematical model. The main difficulty lies in the definition of arc constants, which is formed in the dry bands when the voltage exceeds its critical value. The authors present an optimization method based on genetic algorithms with real coding and experimental data from artificially polluted insulators for the determination of the arc constants. In this work a pollution flashover generalized model is used. The obtained results show that the mathematical model with optimized arc constants simulates accurately the experimental data.

Citation

Khaled BELHOUCHET , Abdelhafid BAYADI, Mohammed E lhadi BENDIB, Lyamine OUCHEN, ,(2015), Modeling and identification of arc parameter in insulators flashover voltage and leakage current using real-coded genetic algorithm,International Electrical and Computer Engineering conference IECEC 2015,Sétif, ALGERIA

Flashover phenomenon in polluted insulators has not yet been described accurately through a mathematical model. The main difficulty lies in the definition of arc constants, which is formed in the dry bands when the voltage exceeds its critical value. We have present an optimization method based on genetic algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) experimental data from artificially polluted insulators for the determination of the arc constants and Dielectric properties in the surface. In this work a pollution flashover generalized model is used. The obtained results show that the mathematical model with optimized arc constants simulates accurately the experimental data and Corroborate the inverse Relationship between flashover voltage and pre-flashover leakage current. For this purpose, an ANN was constructed in MATLAB and has been trained with several MATLAB training functions, while tests regarding the number of neurons, the number of epochs and the value of learning rate have taken place, in order to find which net architecture and which value of the other parameters give the best result.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Abdelhafid BAYADI, Lyamine OUCHEN, ,(2013), Optimization and parameter identification of arc constants in insulators flashove voltage using real-coded genetic algorithm approach,8 éme Conference sur la genie électrique (CGE'08),Ecole militaire polytechnique, Alger

today, the magnet machines are important in industrial applications where low power is desired compactness, hardiness and good yield (robotics, appliances, etc ....) Medium power (machine tools, electric vehicles, aerospace, etc ....) for variable speed drives as well as the great powers in particular in rail traction, marine propulsion and the production of electrical energy (wind turbines). Also there are several special features of axial flux machines. First, it can be designed to have a power to weight ratio higher with substantial savings of materials used. Second, the axial flux machine usually has a greater length-diameter ratio. Third, the topology of the magnetic circuit of the machine axial flux can be easily changed in such a way that various types of axial flux machines can be designed according to the number of wishing floor. In addition to this topology is favored because the magnetic circuit is without notches.

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Khaled BELHOUCHET , Mohammed bendib, Abdelhafid BAYADI, ,(2012), Efficient Pole-Arc Coefficients for Maximum Flux Linkage in Axial Flux Permanent Magnet DC Machines Double Gap,4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,Algiers, Algeria