ABDELMALEK Elhadi

Kechat Faiçal

L’effet du traitement thermique sur les propriétés mécanique d’un matériau composite

BENAZI Mohamed Abdelwahab

Optimisation du pourcentage des particules d’Alumine pour améliorer les propriétés mécaniques d’un matériau composite

Rabeh Belabbas , Attala Ilyas

EFFET DE LA TENEUR DES RENFORTS SUR LES PROPRIÉTÉS MÉCANIQUES D’UN MATÉRIAU COMPOSITE

OUADAH ISSAM , /, /

COMPORTEMENT MECANIQUE EN TRACTION D’UN MATERIAU COMPOSITE

Belouadah Aymen , Hadibi Kamal Eddine Said

ETABLISSEMENT D’UN PROCESSUS DE FABRICATION DES PIECES MECANIQUES

KASMI Abdennour , SAIB Miloud

EFFET DE TRAITEMENT THERMIQUE SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES MECANIQUES EN TRACTION D’UN ALLIAGE D’ALUMINIUM

BRAICHE Toufik , DJOUILEM Ayoub

Etude de l’influence de la température du revenu sur le comportement en traction d’un acier faiblement allié

MAHDI, Abbes

Etude de la vitesse de glissement sur le frottement et l'usure des matériaux métalliques

GASMI Rami , BELABES Abdelhak

ETUDE COMPARATIVE DE L’EFFET DE LA CHARGE NORMALE APPLIQUEE SUR LE COMPORTEMENT TRIBOLOGIQUE DES COUPLES METALLIQUES

Baamar Abdelmalek , Skhara Riadh

Concasseurs et broyeurs : Types et maintenance 

BENABDERRAHMANE Aissa , HADJ BELKACEM Abdelfetteh

Influence des traitements thermiques sur les caractéristiques mécaniques des alliages d’aluminium en traction

Silini Marwa , Taallah Ahlem

Effet de la dureté sur le comportement en frottement et en usure des couples d’aciers non alliés et faiblement alliés

This study investigates the drilling of a hybrid epoxy composite reinforced with Alfa and glass fibers, focusing on the effects of key cutting parameters on the delamination factor, which is a critical indicator of machining-induced damage in composite materials. Specifically, the influence of feed rate and drill point angle on the quality of drilled holes was analyzed. The results indicate that a low feed rate reduces the axial thrust force and chip load, thereby minimizing interlaminar separation, while a smaller drill point angle promotes a more gradual penetration and effective cutting action, leading to lower delamination. Among the conditions tested, the best performance was achieved using a 90° drill at a feed rate of 0.4 mm/min, demonstrating the combined effect of optimized geometry and controlled material removal. These findings emphasize the importance of carefully selecting drilling parameters to preserve the structural integrity of hybrid composites, improve surface finish and ensure reliable mechanical performance in assembled components. Moreover, the study provides insights for the design of drilling strategies in hybrid natural/synthetic fiber composites, which are increasingly used in lightweight and sustainable engineering applications. Keywords –Hybrid Composite, Drill Geometry, Cutting Parameters, Drilling, Delamination

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , Mustapha ARSLANE , Mohamed SLAMANI , SALAH Amroune , ,(2025-11-15), Effect of Feed Rate and Drill Point Angle on the Delamination Factor during Drilling of a Hybrid Composite Material,3rd International Conference on Recent and Innovative Results in Engineering and Technology,Konya, Turkey

Drilling composite materials is a critical stage in assembly, especially for structures that rely on mechanical fasteners. This research investigates the drilling of a hybrid composite made of an epoxy matrix reinforced with natural jute and Alfa fibers, focusing on three key cutting parameters: feed rate, spindle speed, and drill point angle. The study aims to assess how these factors affect thrust force, delamination, and the quality of the hole’s exit. Findings indicate that using a low feed rate, moderate spindle speed, and a smaller drill point angle helps reduce delamination and enhances hole surface finish. On the other hand, higher feed rates increase thrust force, raising the likelihood of damage and defects. The optimal conditions for minimizing thrust force and delamination while maintaining good hole quality involve a drill with a 110° point angle, a spindle speed of 1000 rpm, and low feed rates. Under these settings, thrust force remains low—ranging from 32.38 N at 50 mm/min to 26.07 N at 150 mm/min—while the delamination factor stays minimal, peaking at 1.052 even at higher feed rates. These findings emphasize the significance of carefully choosing cutting parameters to maintain composite integrity and enhance drilling efficiency. The study highlights the need to balance productivity with precision, optimizing cutting conditions to reduce damage and ensure the structural reliability of hybrid composites.

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Abdelmalek ELHADI , SALAH Amroune , Mohamed SLAMANI , Mustapha ARSLANE , MADANI Grine , Köklü Ugur, Louhichi Borhan, , (2025-07-15), Evaluation of thrust force, delamination and hole quality during drilling an alfa-jute/epoxy natural fiber hybrid composite, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol:0, Issue:0, pages:18, Sage

Optimizing drilling parameters for composite materials is challenging due to their anisotropic and heterogeneous properties, which often cause defects like delamination and poor surface finish. This study employs the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to optimize drilling parameters, balancing cutting force, temperature, surface roughness, and delamination. Experimental data from 48 drilling trials, using three drill types (solid carbide, HSS, and composite-specific) with varied spindle speeds and feed rates, were analyzed. TOPSIS ranked parameter combinations, identifying Drill 2 (solid carbide) at 1000 rpm and 50 mm/min as optimal, achieving minimal delamination and superior surface finish. This approach enhances manufacturing precision, reduces material waste, and promotes sustainable machining. The findings offer practical insights for industries like aerospace and automotive, improving product quality and process efficiency. Keywords: TOPSIS, Composite Drilling Optimization, Sustainable Machining, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making, Process Efficiency

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Mustapha ARSLANE , Mohamed SLAMANI , Abdelmalek ELHADI , SALAH Amroune , MADANI Grine , , (2025-07-03), Advanced Optimization of Drilling Parameters in Composite Materials: A TOPSIS-Based Approach for Enhanced Manufacturing Precision, Journal of Natural Fibers, Vol:12, Issue:13, pages:20, Taylor & Francis

Hybrid composites reinforced with palm and jute fibers are increasingly valued in modern manufacturing due to their exceptional strength-to-weight ratio and eco-friendly properties. This study examines the drilling process of these hybrid composites, with a focus on circularity and cylindricity errors as key indicators of hole quality. The composite material was composed of 15 % palm fibers and 15 % jute fibers by weight. A distinguishing feature of this research is the innovative use of bootstrap analysis to quantify uncertainty in predicting circularity and cylindricity errors. The investigation explored the effects of spindle speed and feed rate on machining outcomes, uncovering intricate interdependencies between these parameters. Results show that lower spindle speeds yield more precise and consistent hole quality, while higher speeds increase variability. Two regression models were developed to predict circularity and cylindricity errors, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy with R-squared values of 0.91 and 0.95, respectively. The application of bootstrap analysis further validated the robustness of these models by providing detailed uncertainty estimates across a range of cutting conditions. Machining conditions associated with minimal errors were determined at a spindle speed of 1592 rpm and a feed rate ranging from 0.08 mm/rev to 0.12 mm/rev, yielding circularity errors as low as 44 μm and cylindricity errors of 59 μm.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2025-05-31), Bootstrap analysis for predicting circularity and cylindricity errors in palm/ jute fiber reinforced hybrid composites, Measurement, Vol:249, Issue:117042, pages:16, ELSEVIER SCI LTD

In this study, the evaluation of 75 holes drilled in a hybrid bio-composite jute/palm/polyester plate and controlled by a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is essential to ensure the quality, dimensional precision, and geometric conformity of the plate. This rigorous process is necessary to meet industrial standards for circularity and cylindricity, which are essential criteria for high-performance applications. Additionally, the integration of artificial neural network (ANN) techniques has revolutionized this approach by enabling precise predictions of key parameters such as delamination, circularity, and cylindricity. In this study, the ANN was trained with 52 samples (70%), while 8 samples (10%) were used for validation and 15 others (20%) for testing at different stages. The results show the influence of feed rate on the delamination factor (Fd) (R2 = 0.98), circularity error (R2 = 0.99), and cylindricity error (R2 = 0.98). This predictive approach significantly improves the reliability and efficiency of the evaluation process

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SALAH Amroune , Abdelmalek ELHADI , Mohamed SLAMANI , Mustapha ARSLANE , Bureau de la stratégie de numérisation , Ahmed Belaadi, , (2025-04-26), Quality Evaluation and Predictive Analysis of Drilled Holes in Jute/Palm/Polyester Hybrid Bio-Composites Using CMM and ANN Techniques, Journal of Natural Fibers, Vol:22, Issue:1, pages:20, Taylor & Francis

The purpose of this study is to explore drilling defects in hybrid jute/ palm fiber composites and propose practical solutions for enhancing machining outcomes. This work is novel in its detailed analysis of delamination, fiber pull-out, and surface fluffing using HSS drills. The results reveal significant differences in delamination factors between the entrance (jute fibers) and exit (palm fibers) under varying machining conditions. Quantitative analysis reveals that optimal conditions for minimizing delamination occur at a spindle speed of 2388 rpm and feed rate of 0.04 mm/rev, achieving delamination factors of 1.121 (entrance) and 1.069 (exit). These findings emphasize the critical role of machining parameters in controlling drilling defects and improving the integrity of hybrid composite materials. Using Response Surface Methodology, predictive models identified feed rate as the dominant factor. Optimizing resin application improved structural integrity and reduced defects, offering experimental evidence for industrial applications in sustainable hybrid composite manufacturing.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2025-02-11), Analysis of Entry and Exit Hole Delaminations During Drilling of Jute/Palm Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites Using HSS Drill Bits, Journal of Natural Fibers, Vol:22, Issue:1, pages:2461493, TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC

This study focuses on optimizing drilling parameters for hybrid natural fiber-reinforced composites made of jute and palm fibers in a polyester resin matrix. Recognized for their biodegradability and high strength-to-weight ratio, these composites face machining challenges such as delamination, circularity errors, and cylindricity, which hinder their use in precision applications. A comprehensive framework combining full factorial Design of Experiments (DoE) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) was employed to address these issues. The research analyzed spindle speed, feed rate, and drill type (HSS, HSS-Co, and Solid Carbide) to evaluate their impact on drilling outcomes. Feed rate emerged as the most critical factor, with 0.04 mm/rev identified as optimal for minimizing delamination and enhancing hole quality. Moderate spindle speeds around 1592 rpm further improved results. Among the drills tested, Solid Carbide demonstrated superior performance, achieving the lowest delamination and cylindricity errors, proving its effectiveness for high-precision drilling. This study enhances sustainable composite manufacturing by providing an evidence-based approach to optimize machining parameters while promoting environmental sustainability. The integration of GRA and DoE offers a robust methodology for multi-response optimization, contributing to the adoption of hybrid natural fiber composites in engineering and advancing precision machining practices. Keywords – Hybrid natural fiber composites; sustainable machining; drilling optimization; delamination reduction; hole quality enhancement; Grey Relational Analysis; multi-response optimization

Citation

Mustapha ARSLANE , Mohamed SLAMANI , Abdelmalek ELHADI , SALAH Amroune , ,(2025-01-15), Precision Drilling Optimization for Hybrid Natural Fiber Composites: Advancing Sustainable Machining Practices Through Grey Relational Analysis,2nd International Conference on Modern and Advanced Research,Konya, Turkey

Background The machining process of AISI 1040 steel involves complex interactions among cutting parameters, which significantly impact surface roughness (Ra) and vibration accelerations (Ax and Ay). Understanding and optimizing these factors are critical for enhancing manufacturing efficiency, tool life, and product quality. Purpose This study aims to develop mathematical models for combined optimization of vibration accelerations (Ax, Ay) and surface roughness (Ra) in the milling of AISI 1040 steel using GC1030 coated carbide tools, thereby providing practical guidance for industrial applications. Methods The experimental design was based on a Box–Behnken design integrated with Surface Response Methodology (SRM) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The effects of manufacturing speed (Vc), tooth advancement (fz), and pass height (ap) were modeled through unifactorial and multifactorial approaches to identify optimal machining conditions. Results Cutting speed (Vc) was identified as the most influential factor affecting vibrations and surface roughness. The optimal machining parameters were determined as Vc = 91.153 m/min, fz = 0.040 mm/tooth, and ap = 0.50 mm, resulting in minimal vibration accelerations and improved surface quality. The developed mathematical models demonstrated high predictive accuracy and industrial applicability. Conclusion The proposed models provide a robust framework for optimizing milling processes, enabling engineers and production managers to achieve improved efficiency, extended tool life, and superior part quality. These findings underscore the models' value in enhancing decision-making in the manufacturing sector.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2025-01-06), Optimization of Manufacturing Parameters for Minimizing Vibrations and Surface Roughness in Milling Using Box–Behnken Design, Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies, Vol:13, Issue:22, pages:13:22, SPRINGER HEIDELBERG

This study focuses on optimizing drilling parameters to minimize delamination, circularity error, and cylindricity in natural fiber composites through a comprehensive full factorial Design of Experiments (DoE) combined with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). The novelty of this work lies in its systematic integration of these methods to evaluate the effects of spindle speed, feed rate, and drill type (HSS, HSS-Co, and Solid Carbide) on hole quality, providing a robust framework for multi-response optimization. Results reveal that feed rate is the most significant factor, with optimal conditions – lower feed rates (0.04 mm/rev) and moderate speeds (1592 rpm) – delivering reduced delamination and improved hole quality. Among the tested drills, Solid Carbide demonstrated superior performance with the lowest delamination and cylindricity errors. This study highlights the potential of systematic parameter optimization to advance eco-friendly composite manufacturing and enhance drilling precision.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2024-12-28), Optimization of Drilling Parameters in Natural Fibers Composite Plates Based on Grey Relational Analysis, Journal of Natural Fibers, Vol:22, Issue:1, pages:2445554, TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC

In the manufacturing of composite materials, achieving high precision in drilling processes is crucial to ensure product quality and performance. This study investigates the influence of drilling parameters on key performance metrics delamination, circularity, and cylindricity using the Taguchi method. An L25 orthogonal array was employed to systematically explore the effects of spindle speed, feed, and drill type on the quality of drilled holes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that feed significantly influences the outcomes across all drill materials, with cutting speed playing a secondary role. The study further applied desirability function analysis (DFA) to optimize these multi-responses, identifying the optimal parameter settings for each drill type. The results highlight the critical role of feed in minimizing delamination, circularity, and cylindricity with the optimal settings offering significant improvements in drilling performance.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2024-11-28), Multi-response optimization of drilling parameters in hybrid natural fiber composites using Taguchi and desirability function analysis (DFA), The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol:135, Issue:11, pages:5631-5645, SPRINGER LONDON LTD

In the manufacturing of composite materials, achieving high precision in drilling processes is crucial to ensure product quality and performance. This study investigates the influence of drilling parameters on key performance metrics delamination, circularity, and cylindricity using the Taguchi method. An L25 orthogonal array was employed to systematically explore the effects of spindle speed, feed, and drill type on the quality of drilled holes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that feed significantly influences the outcomes across all drill materials, with cutting speed playing a secondary role. The study further applied desirability function analysis (DFA) to optimize these multi-responses, identifying the optimal parameter settings for each drill type. The results highlight the critical role of feed in minimizing delamination, circularity, and cylindricity with the optimal settings offering significant improvements in drilling performance.

Citation

SALAH Amroune , Bureau de la stratégie de numérisation , Mohamed SLAMANI , Bureau de la stratégie de numérisation , Abdelmalek ELHADI , Bureau de la stratégie de numérisation , Mustapha ARSLANE , Bureau de la stratégie de numérisation , , (2024-11-28), Multi-response optimization of drilling parameters in hybrid natural fiber composites using Taguchi and desirability function analysis (DFA), International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol:135, Issue:2, pages:5631–5645, Springer

The industry is currently experiencing a significant interest in biocomposites, largely fueled by the growing appeal of natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs). These composites provide a range of advantages, including cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, environmental sustainability, and favorable mechanical properties. Consequently, the manufacturing processes of natural fiber reinforced polymer (NFRP) composites have attracted the attention of both industry professionals and researchers. The rise of these eco-friendly materials in the automotive and aerospace sectors has intensified interest in their production methods. However, the machining of NFRP composites presents considerable challenges due to the intricate structure of natural fibers, necessitating in-depth studies to effectively tackle these issues. This research paper offers a detailed examination of surface roughness during the milling process of Alfa/epoxy biocomposites. A total of 100 experimental trials were conducted to assess surface roughness. To develop a predictive model for this metric, a hybrid approach known as ANN-GA (artificial neural networks-genetic algorithms) is proposed. This method integrates ANN and GA to establish an optimal neural network architecture. The performance of the ANN-GA model is evaluated against the Levenberg– Marquardt backpropagation (LM) algorithm, with results indicating that the ANN-GA model provides superior accuracy in predicting surface roughness compared to the LM algorithm

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2024-11-10), Modeling Surface Roughness of Epoxy/Alfa Fiber Biocomposites with a Neural Network Architecture Optimized by Genetic Algorithms,5th International Conference on Innovative Academic Studies,Konya/Turkey

In order to better understand the mechanical behavior of the composite material composed of luffa, jute fibers, and epoxy resin under tensile stress, we conducted an in-depth experimental study. This study focuses on analyzing the influence of different reinforcement percentages, consisting of jute fibers (in a bidirectional fabric form) and luffa fibers, which form a complex three-dimensional fiber network. These reinforcements were incorporated into the composite in varying proportions ranging from 5% to 15%, to assess their impact on the overall mechanical properties of the material under tensile conditions. Tensile tests were performed at a constant speed of 5 mm/min, enabling precise evaluation of the material's response under stress. The mechanical properties investigated include tensile strength, elongation at break, the coefficient of contraction, and Young's modulus. These key parameters were analyzed to gain a better understanding of the composite’s performance, particularly in terms of resistance and deformation under mechanical stress. The results obtained were in line with expectations, confirming that the mechanical behavior of the composite is significantly influenced by the reinforcement content and type, presenting promising prospects for optimizing these materials in various structural applications.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2024-09-25), Influence of the Content of Jute/Luffa Reinforcements on the Tensile Behavior of an Epoxy/Jute/Luffa Hybrid Material,6th International Conference on Applied Engineering and Natural Sciences,Konya/Turkey

This study presents a method for modelling, predicting, and evaluating the impact of drill materials on the drilling process of hybrid palm/jute polyester composites, with the aim of enhancing hole quality regarding delamination, circularity, and cylindricity. Three drill materials, including High-Speed Steel (HSS), 5 % Cobalt-coated High-Speed Steel (HSS-Co5), and Solid Carbide drills were tested, and their impacts on drilling performance were assessed. Through thorough experimentation and statistical analysis, significant differences in results were observed between HSS drills and both HSS-Co5 and Solid Carbide drills. However, the variation in results between HSS-Co5 and Solid Carbide drill results was minimal. Additionally, the findings highlight notable disparities among drill types concerning uncertainty. The results also indicate that feed rate, drill material, and their interaction play crucial roles in determining drilling efficiency. Specifically, HSS drills consistently outperformed HSS-Co5 and Solid carbide drills, demonstrating superior performance in minimizing delamination, improving circularity, and enhancing cylindricity along with lower uncertainty.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2024-09-15), Investigating the impact of drill material on hole quality in jute/palm fiber reinforced hybrid composite drilling with uncertainty analysis, Heliyon, Vol:10, Issue:17, pages:e36925, CELL PRESS

This paper rigorously examines drilling operations in a jute/palm fiber reinforced polyester composite (15 % palm fibers, 15 % jute fibers, 70 % polyester resin, 9 mm thickness), emphasizing factors affecting hole quality. The hole quality was characterized by assessing circularity, cylindricity, and delamination. The key findings include the identification of optimal cutting conditions, where a feed rate of 0.08 mm/rev and a spindle speed of 1592 rpm maximize circularity and cylindricity. Furthermore, a lower feed rate (0.04 mm/rev) to be optimal for minimizing delamination, circularity and cylindricity, underscoring the significance of precise adjustments. The influence of drill types is highlighted, with the High-Speed Steel twist drill emerging as the superior choice, demonstrating enhanced performance. The study also reveals the sensitivity of delamination to feed rate variations, emphasizing its primary role in material damage. Cyclical trends in circularity and cylindricity are observed, with feed rate standing out as the predominant factor affecting precision.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2024-08-15), Precision drilling optimization in jute/palm fiber reinforced hybrid composites, Measurement, Vol:236, Issue:, pages:115066, ELSEVIER SCI LTD

This paper rigorously examines drilling operations in a jute/palm fiber reinforced polyester composite (15 % palm fibers, 15 % jute fibers, 70 % polyester resin, 9 mm thickness), emphasizing factors affecting hole quality. The hole quality was characterized by assessing circularity, cylindricity, and delamination. The key findings include the identification of optimal cutting conditions, where a feed rate of 0.08 mm/rev and a spindle speed of 1592 rpm maximize circularity and cylindricity. Furthermore, a lower feed rate (0.04 mm/rev) to be optimal for minimizing delamination, circularity and cylindricity, underscoring the significance of precise adjustments. The influence of drill types is highlighted, with the High-Speed Steel twist drill emerging as the superior choice, demonstrating enhanced performance. The study also reveals the sensitivity of delamination to feed rate variations, emphasizing its primary role in material damage. Cyclical trends in circularity and cylindricity are observed, with feed rate standing out as the predominant factor affecting precision.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , Mohamed SLAMANI , SALAH Amroune , Mustapha ARSLANE , , (2024-08-15), Precision drilling optimization in jute/palm fiber reinforced hybrid composites, Measurement, Vol:236, Issue:115066, pages:25, ELSEVIER

Studying the drilling of a hybrid jute/palm composite material offers significant contributions to sustainable material development. Incorporating renewable jute and palm fibers represents an innovative, eco-friendly approach compared to synthetic composites. This research aims to optimize drilling parameters to reduce defects and evaluate the performance of different drilling tools, crucial for industrial applications. Drilling is performed via three different types of drills bit: High-Speed Steel, HSS-Co5 coated high-speed steel with 5% cobalt, and carbide. The drilling process involves adjusting the feed and rotational speed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to select drilling settings by validating experimentally obtained data and predicting the behavior of the structure based on cutting circumstances. The findings indicated that the most effective cutting parameters for minimizing delamination are achieved using the HSS drill bit, namely at lower feed and rotational speeds. Delamination remains below the threshold of 1.106 when the feed is 0.04 mm/rev and the rotational speed is 1592 rpm. The analysis of the results obtained using the response surface methodology indicates that the R2 coefficient for cylindricity is 0.96%. In contrast, the rate of delamination is 0.79% and the rate of circularity is 0.89%.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , Bureau de la stratégie de numérisation , Bureau de la stratégie de numérisation , , (2024-08-07), Evaluation of drilling by induced delamination of hybrid biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers: a statistical analysis by RSM, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol:58, Issue:1, pages:2515–2530, SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD

Our study involved a combination of practical experiments and numerical simulations using the Abaqus computational software. The main aim was to enhance our understanding of the mechanical characteristics exhibited by 6082 aluminium alloy when exposed to tensile forces. To achieve this, we produced 18 samples of standardized dimensions utilizing a parallel lathe. These samples then underwent a thermal treatment comprising a solution treatment, water quenching and various tempering procedures at different temperatures (280C, 240C, 200C, 160C and 120C), resulting in a range of hardness levels. To obtain the experimental results, we conducted tensile tests on a specialized machine, which were subsequently supplemented with numerical analyses. By adopting this approach, we gained valuable insights into the behaviour of aluminium alloy 6082, specifically regarding its mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, elongation and necking coefficient. This newfound knowledge holds potential significance in the realm of designing and optimizing aluminium structures that operate within high-temperature environments.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2024-07-17), Normal temperature mechanical properties of 6082 aluminium alloy as a function of tempering temperature: experimental and numerical approach, Acta Mechanica et Automatica, Vol:18, Issue:3, pages:385 - 392, Bialystok University of Technology

Understanding the mechanical properties of steel is crucial to ensuring the proper functioning of industrial mechanical systems. This study focuses on the tensile behavior and specific mechanical properties of low-alloy steel AISI 4041. It combines practical experiments and numerical simulations using Abaqus software. The experiments involve fabricating 18 standard-sized tensile specimens, followed by a heat treatment including oil quenching and various tempering temperatures (ranging from 350°C to 650°C) to create a range of hardness levels. Tensile tests provided experimental data, subsequently validated by numerical analyses using the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). The results indicate a maximum hardness of 522 HV, maximum tensile load and a maximum tensile strength of 1680 MPa with tempering at 350°C. This approach significantly improved the results, with errors generally below 0.06% for maximum strain and stress. This study provides valuable insights for designing and optimizing low-alloy steel structures suitable for high-temperature environments.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2024-06-20), EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURE ON THE TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF LOW ALLOY STEEL AISI 4140, UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series D, Vol:86, Issue:2, pages:151-166, Politechnica University of Bucharest

This study investigates drilling-induced damage in hybrid composites, specifically examining the interplay between cutting parameters and hole delamination. Three drill types—high-speed steel (HSS), 5% cobalt-coated high-speed steel (HSS-Co5), and solid carbide—are analyzed for their distinct impacts. The research underscores the substantial influence of feed rate and rotational speed on delamination, noting that increased feed rates exacerbate the issue. Notably, HSS drills exhibit superior performance in mitigating delamination compared to other types. The study unequivocally demonstrates that operating the HSS drill at lower feed rates and rotational speeds significantly minimizes delamination, achieving remarkable results at a feed rate of 0.04 m/rev and 1592.35 rpm. While rotational speed’s consistent significance is limited, with the rotation speed 2388.53 rpm, the delamination factor of the HSS drill recorded the smallest values with all the cutting conditions of the tests carried out. These insights emphasize the critical need for optimized cutting parameters when drilling hybrid composites, providing valuable guidance for engineering applications and materials science.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2024-01-05), Assessment and analysis of drilling-induced damage in jute/palm date fiber-reinforced polyester hybrid composite, Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, Vol:14, Issue:1, pages:16, SPRINGER HEIDELBERG

This work consists of studying the determination of the temperature at the interface in the dry friction of a tribological couple in steel including the pin (fixed) in low alloy AISI 4140 steel against a steel disc (rotating) medium hard carbon AISI 1055. The parameters: Normal load applied, sliding speed, hardness of the material (ranges between 35 HRC and 50 HRC after undergoing tempering heat treatment at temperatures between 250 ºC and 550 ºC) and coefficient of friction resulting from the friction of the couple during the tests, play a very important role on the thermal effects of the surfaces. The Archard model was used to determine the temperature at the interface of the tribological couple, using the parameters mentioned above. The coefficient of friction changes its value between 0,41 to 0,52 and the resulting contact temperature varies between 216 ºC and 313 ºC. The results obtained showed that the contact temperature increase proportionally with the hardness of the pin material. The contact area between disc and pin is inversely proportional to the increase in the hardness of the pin.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2023-10-11), Evolution of the Coefficient of Friction and the Temperature at the Interface in Dry Friction of a Couple Steel as a Function of Hardness,6th International Conference on Recent Trends in Multi-Disciplinary Research,Istanbul, Turkey

The mechanical properties of steel are part of the necessary conditions to know for the proper functioning of mechanical systems in industry. The objective of this work is the study of the mechanical characteristics of low alloy steel AISI 4041. Considering an experimental approach based on the influence of different heat treatments (quenching and tempering at different temperatures) on the behavior of the steel studied in tension. The desired mechanical characteristics relate to hardness, breaking strength, elongation and the coefficient of necking. After the tensile tests, it was observed that there is a reciprocity between the tempering temperature on the one hand and the hardness of the material and the breaking strength on the other hand. A certain proportionality noticed between the hardness, the elongation and the coefficient of necking.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2022), Study of the influence of tempering temperature on the tensile behavior of a low alloy steel,2nd International Conference on Engineering and Applied Natural Sciences. ICEANS 2022,Konya, Turkey

In order to understand the mechanical behavior in tension of the aluminum alloy 6082, we carried out an experimental study. After the samples (tensile specimens) were manufactured on the lathe according to the standardized dimensions, they were heat-treated (solution treatment, water quenching and tempered at different temperatures to have different hardness. Tensile tests were carried out by the tensile machine, which allowed us to have experimental results and to understand the behavior of the aluminum alloy 6082 through its mechanical properties such as hardness, breaking strength, elongation and coefficient of necking.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2022), Effect of Heat Treatment of Mechanical Tensile Characteristics of an Aluminum Alloy,2nd International Conference on Engineering and Applied Natural Sciences. ICEANS 2022,Konya, Turkey

This work presents a study of the determination of the temperature at the interface in the dry friction of the low alloy steel pin against a medium-hard carbon steel disk. The parameters: Normal load applied, sliding speed, hardness of the material and coefficient of friction resulting during the tribological tests carried out play a very important role on the thermal effects of the opposing surfaces. The Archard model was used to determine the temperature at the tribological couple interface, using the parameters mentioned above.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2022), Evaluation of temperature at the Interface of Pairs of Steels in Dry Sliding as a function of Hardness,1st International Conference on Scientific and Academic Research. December 10-13, 2022, Konya, Turkey,Konya, Turkey

This work presents a study of the determination of the temperature at the interface in the dry friction of the low alloy steel pin against a medium-hard carbon steel disk. The parameters: Normal load applied, sliding speed, hardness of the material and coefficient of friction resulting during the tribological tests carried out play a very important role on the thermal effects of the opposing surfaces. The Archard model was used to determine the temperature at the tribological couple interface, using the parameters mentioned above.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2022), Evaluation of temperature at the Interface of Pairs of Steels in Dry Sliding as a function of Hardness,1st International Conference on Scientific and Academic Research. December 10-13, 2022, Konya, Turkey,Konya, Turkey

The mechanical properties of steel are part of the necessary conditions to know for the proper functioning of mechanical systems in industry. The objective of this work is the study of the mechanical characteristics of low alloy steel AISI 4041. Considering an experimental approach based on the influence of different heat treatments (quenching and tempering at different temperatures) on the behavior of the steel studied in tension. The desired mechanical characteristics relate to hardness, breaking strength, elongation and the coefficient of necking. After the tensile tests, it was observed that there is a reciprocity between the tempering temperature on the one hand and the hardness of the material and the breaking strength on the other hand. A certain proportionality noticed between the hardness, the elongation and the coefficient of necking.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , Hocine MAKRI , ,(2022), Study of the Influence of Tempering Temperature on the Tensile Behavior of a Low Alloy Steel,2nd International Conference on Engineering and Applied Natural Sciences,Turkey

In order to understand the mechanical behavior in tension of the aluminum alloy 6082, we carried out an experimental study. After the samples (tensile specimens) were manufactured on the lathe according to the standardized dimensions, they were heat-treated (solution treatment, water quenching and tempered at different temperatures to have different hardness. Tensile tests were carried out by the tensile machine, which allowed us to have experimental results and to understand the behavior of the aluminum alloy 6082 through its mechanical properties such as hardness, breaking strength, elongation and coefficient of necking.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , Hocine MAKRI , ,(2022), Effect of Heat Treatment of Mechanical Tensile Characteristics of an Aluminum Alloy,2nd International Conference on Engineering and Applied Natural Sciences,Turkey

This work presents a study of the determination of the temperature at the interface in the dry friction of the low alloy steel pin against a medium-hard carbon steel disk. The parameters: Normal load applied, sliding speed, hardness of the material and coefficient of friction resulting during the tribological tests carried out play a very important role on the thermal effects of the opposing surfaces. The Archard model was used to determine the temperature at the tribological couple interface, using the parameters mentioned above.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , Hocine MAKRI , Mohamed SLAMANI , ,(2022), Evaluation of Temperature at the Interface of Pairs of Steels in Dry Sliding as a function of Hardness,1st International Conference on Scientific and Academic Research,Turkey

This study concerns the wear behaviour of metal couples used in industry, particularly in mechanical sliding systems (numerically controlled machine tools). In general, the nature of the materials of the parts of these systems which are in contact and move relatively, are medium carbon steels, thanks to their good mechanical and tribological properties. The present work aims to study, the dry sliding wear of the contact surface of the pin (machine slide) against the contact surface of a disc (machine groove) and the damage induced on the worn track. The pin is AISI 1038 and AISI 1045 steel, the disc is AISI 1055 steel. The tribological tests were carried out on a pin-disc tribometer, in an atmospheric environment. The wear of the pins being evaluated by weighing and studied according to the hardness of the pin with the variation of the normal load applied. The discussion of the results is based on SEM observations and EDS analyzes of worn surfaces and interfacial phenomena produced by dynamic contact. The results obtained indicated the influence of the applied load and the hardness on the wear of the pin and therefore on the tribological behaviour of the worn surfaces.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2021), EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SURFACE WEAR BY DRY SLIDING AND INDUCED DAMAGE OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL, DIAGNOSTYKA, Vol:22, Issue:2, pages:3-10., Polish Society of Technical Diagnostics

The work is to determine contact temperatures using Archard’s theory. Indeed, in a dynamic contact, the rise in the average temperature at the interface depends on several parameters, in particular the normal load and the sliding velocity. The heat transfer depends on the thermal properties of materials and interfaçial films generated by friction. The calculation performed takes into account all these parameters. In addition, knowing the values of the coefficient of friction, a simple calculation allowed us the determination of the real surface of contact.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2019), ANALYTICAL CALCULATION OF TEMPERATURES AT THE INTERFACE DURING THE DRY FRICTION OF THE COUPLE OF STEEL.,5th Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul 2019 – ICAME2019,Istanbul, Turquie.

The work studies the tribological behavior especially the dry friction of the metal couples used in the industrial sector. These include unalloyed carbon steels, AISI1038 or AISI1045 rubbing against AISI1055 steel which are commonly used in the manufacture of parts of the sliding mechanism. The main criteria for the selection of steels for parts subjected to friction as well as the study of the tribological phenomena of the pairs of steels are usually based on the surface hardness, the normal load, the sliding velocity.... etc. To do this, we use a tribometer (pin-disc). The pins are made of steel AISI1038 or AISI1045, the disc is made of AISI1055 steel. The tests carried out in atmospheric environment. The friction of the pin against the disk was studied according to the curing and tempering treatments by varying the normal load. The discussion of the results is based on observations under an optical microscope.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2019), EFFECT OF NORMAL LOAD AND HARDNESS ON THE EVOLUTION OF FRICTION COEFFICIENT OF UNALLOYED CARBON STEELS.,5th Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul 2019 – ICAME2019,Istanbul, Turquie.

In the unlubricated sliding wear of steels couples used in industry, the resulting damage to the contact surfaces are among the factors that may be causing a reduction in the effectiveness of the mechanical system or even be the cause of the invalidity of this system. To avoid or at least reduce the harmful consequences, low alloyed steels and carbon steels are the most used metal pairs for manufacturing parts of industrial systems because of their good mechanical and tribological properties. This work aims at studying the tribological behavior in friction and wear and the resulting consequences on the friction surfaces of the pairs of steels as a function of the hardness. To do so, a tribometer of type pin-disc was used. The tests were carried out in a dry atmospheric environment. The pins are of AISI 1045 and AISI 4140 steels of different hardness values, obtained by the application of different degrees of temperature of the tempering after hardening. The disc is a AISI 1055 steel hardened and tempered. The discussion of the results and the analysis of interfacial phenomena induced by dynamic contact are based on observations under a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2018), Tribological study of the steel couples in dynamic contact according to hardness.,4th Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 4th Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul 2018 – ICAME20182018 – ICAME2018,Istanbul, Turquie

Ce travail vise à étudier le frottement, l’usure et les endommagements résultants par glissement à sec sur les surfaces des couples métalliques utilisés dans l’industrie. En général, la nature des matériaux de ces couples sont des aciers faiblement alliés et des aciers au carbone, grâce à leurs bonnes propriétés mécaniques et tribologiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé un tribomètre de système pion-disque. Les pions sont en acier 42CrMo4 avec différentes duretés, le disque est en acier C55 durci. Les essais ont été réalisés dans un milieu ambiant, en variant la charge normale appliquée et la dureté du pion. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’influence significative sur l’usure des pions en fonction de la charge appliquée et de la dureté du pion. Les mécanismes d'usure des surfaces usées des pions et l’analyse des débris d’usure ont été discutés par des observations au microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) couplée à un analyseur EDAX.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2017), Effets de la force normale et de la dureté sur le comportement tribologique de l’acier 42CrMo4 contre l’acier C55 lors de glissement à sec.,3ème I.C.M: 3ème International Conférence of Mechanic,Annaba, Algérie.

Le frottement et l'usure sont parmi les principaux facteurs limitant la durée de vie des systèmes mécaniques. Les aciers faiblement alliés et les aciers au carbone sont les couples les plus utilisés pour la fabrication des pièces de ces systèmes. L'objectif de ce travail est l’étude du comportement tribologique en frottement et en usure et les conséquences résultantes sur les surfaces frottantes du couple d’aciers au carbone non alliés. Les essais tribologiques à sec ont été effectués sur un tribomètre pion-disque. La discussion des résultats et l’analyse des phénomènes interfaciaux reposent sur des observations au microscope électronique à balayage (MEB) équipé de spectroscopie à dispersion d'énergie EDS.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , ,(2017), Etude du comportement en frottement et en usure du contact glissant sec acier-acier : conséquences sur les surfaces frottantes.,Journées Internationales Francophones sur la Tribologie (JIFT 2017),Saint-Ouen. France.

In industry, the sliding mechanical systems are subject to friction and wear phenomena. These phenomena can be the origin of a reduction of the efficiency of the mechanical system even to be responsible for its incapacity. Generally, the materials of the parts which are moving relative (tribological couple) of these systems are low alloy steels and carbon steels, thanks to their good mechanical and tribological properties. The present work aimed to study, the surface wear and damage induced by dry sliding of hard carbon steel AISI 1055 (disc) against tempered low alloy steel AISI 4140 (pin) with different hardness and applied loads was investigated. The results revealed that the interaction between the applied load and pin hardness result in complex thermo-mechanical behaviour of the worn surfaces. When a lower hardness pin is used, the main wear mechanisms observed on the discs were abrasion, adhesion, and oxidation. When a higher hardness pin is used, the wear of the discs is governed by delamination, oxidation, and plastic deformation. In particular, third-body wear occurs at high applied load resulting in higher wear rate of high hardness pins compared to low hardness pins.

Citation

Abdelmalek ELHADI , , (2016), Study of Surface Wear and Damage Induced by Dry Sliding of Tempered AISI 4140 Steel against Hardened AISI 1055 Steel, Tribology in Industry, Vol:38, Issue:4, pages:11, Faculty of Engineering